31 / 50Your Operating Plan20 min read

The 5 Questions of Management

The five questions that hold execution together — plan, roles, goals, meetings and data.

Resolute · 12

Reach for it When the strategy is clear and the business still is not doing what it said it would.

Most business owners are gifted at one half of their job and exposed at the other. The half they are gifted at is usually what got them here. The half they are exposed at is usually what stops them going further — and very few can tell you, on a quiet Monday morning, which half is which.

In a small organisation, leadership and management bounce around like a pinball with a single contributor: the founder. One person sets the vision and runs the execution, leads the team and balances the cash, builds the plan and chases the invoices. It is all happening, all the time, and most of it is happening in one head.

Leaders manage. Managers lead.

There is a myth that leadership lives in the C-suite and management lives in the middle. Tidy story. Not true.

Leadership and management are different skill sets, but they are not different people. The CEO has to manage. The team lead has to lead. The individual contributor running their own work does both inside a single afternoon.

Lead people; manage things.

Leadership guides people from where they are to where they need to be. Management ensures the right things get done, in the right way, at the right time, to achieve the goals leadership has set. Everyone exercises both — the question is never which one, it is how well.

The mainsail and the jib

A basic yacht has two sails.

The mainsail sets direction and provides the impetus — the power and purpose of the journey. That is leadership: the big sheet that catches the wind of the future and pulls the boat toward it.

The jib sits ahead of the mast and acts as an airfoil. It has to be trimmed continually for wind, swell, current, every changing condition the boat actually meets. That is management: the constant, attentive adjustment that turns power into progress.

You can sail with a jib alone. It works — and you will spend the whole day fussing with trim while the horizon stays where it is.

The 5 Questions of Management — plan, roles, goals, meetings and data, the questions that hold execution together.

The five questions

These five are the foundation of organisational stability. They sit in deliberate contrast to the change-making of the 7 Questions of Leadership. Management protects stability against change; leadership creates change toward a future state. Both run at once.

  1. What is our plan, and what metrics tell us if we are successful?
  2. What roles does our plan require, and who is accountable for what parts?
  3. What goals and outcomes must each role achieve this quarter, half, or year?
  4. What meetings are necessary, what should we discuss, and how do we solve problems together?
  5. What data do we need to measure our progress and ensure success?

Which of those five would your team struggle to answer today?

That is usually the one to build next. Master the answers and you have the structure and accountability that execution actually requires — which is what turns a good strategy into a business that runs.

A worked example

Every worked example in the canon uses the same company — Burke & Wills EV, a hypothetical Australian off-road EV maker — so the picture builds across frameworks instead of restarting each time.

# Burke & Wills EV: 5 Questions of Management Examples

Company Context: Burke & Wills EV is an Australian electric vehicle manufacturer focused on bringing affordable, rugged off-road EVs to the Australian market. Named after the famous Australian explorers, the company is pioneering the outback-ready EV segment.

Workshop Context: These examples demonstrate "what good looks like" for annual offsite outputs using the 5 Questions of Management framework. Use these as reference artifacts to guide facilitation toward high-quality outcomes.

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MQ1: Plan Canvas

Company Strategic Context

Burke & Wills EV has completed their 7 Questions of Leadership strategic work. They are now distilling this into an annual execution plan using the Plan Canvas.

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Plan Canvas Output

1. VISION & PURPOSE

From 7Qs Work: Become Australia's leading off-road EV manufacturer, making adventure sustainable for every Australian

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Trying to compete in the urban commuter EV market (leave to Tesla/BYD)
  • START: Focused positioning as THE off-road/adventure EV company for Australia
  • CONTINUE: Building reputation for rugged Australian engineering and bush-ready reliability

Annual Focus: Establish brand identity as Australia's adventure EV leader

Outcome Metrics:

  • 45% unaided brand awareness among target adventure vehicle buyers
  • 80% brand association with "rugged" and "Australian-made"
  • 15 major sponsorship partnerships with outdoor/adventure organizations

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2. MARKET & CUSTOMER

From 7Qs Work: Target adventurous Australians aged 35-55 who own or aspire to own recreational properties, frequently travel to remote areas, and value sustainability alongside capability

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Marketing to urban-only buyers and fleet markets
  • START: Targeted campaigns reaching 4WD clubs, caravan parks, and outback tourism operators
  • CONTINUE: Building relationships with mining companies and remote station owners

Annual Focus: Capture the adventure/rural EV segment before competitors enter

Outcome Metrics:

  • 2,500 qualified leads from target customer segment
  • 150 partnership agreements with 4WD clubs and outdoor retailers
  • 35% conversion rate from test drive to purchase intent

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3. STRATEGY & POSITIONING

From 7Qs Work: Differentiate through Australian-designed durability, 800km+ range capability, and genuine off-road credentials that legacy EV manufacturers cannot match

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Feature-matching competitors on urban EV specifications
  • START: Developing proprietary dust/water ingress protection and extreme heat battery management
  • CONTINUE: Investing in public charging infrastructure partnerships for regional/remote areas

Annual Focus: Achieve genuine off-road capability leadership and demonstrate in field

Outcome Metrics:

  • IP65+ dust/water rating certified for all models
  • 3 major expedition partnerships (Simpson Desert crossing, Cape York traverse, etc.)
  • 50+ remote charging stations operational through partnerships

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4. BUSINESS MODEL & VALUE

From 7Qs Work: Direct-to-consumer sales with regional service partnerships, subscription maintenance model, and fleet solutions for mining/agriculture

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Relying solely on Brisbane showroom for all sales
  • START: Mobile showroom/demo unit program across regional Australia
  • CONTINUE: Building direct sales capability and service partner network

Annual Focus: Scale sales capability across regional Australia

Outcome Metrics:

  • $45M revenue from vehicle sales
  • 12 regional service partnership locations operational
  • 85% customer satisfaction with purchase experience
  • Average sale price maintained at $89,000

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5. CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE (CX)

From 7Qs Work: Adventure-ready buying experience with "bush-proof" customer support available 24/7 for remote travelers

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Standard automotive dealership experience approach
  • START: "Adventure concierge" customer support with remote assistance capability
  • CONTINUE: White-glove delivery experience with personalized vehicle handover

Annual Focus: Deliver exceptional adventure-focused customer experience

Outcome Metrics:

  • +65 Net Promoter Score (NPS)
  • 24/7 remote support response time < 15 minutes
  • 95% customer retention rate for service subscriptions
  • 4.8/5 average review rating across platforms

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6. EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE (EX)

From 7Qs Work: Build a team of adventure-passionate professionals who embody the Burke & Wills explorer spirit

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Hiring generic automotive industry professionals
  • START: Recruiting from adventure/outdoor industries and engineering with EV passion
  • CONTINUE: Building culture of innovation, adventure, and Australian pride

Annual Focus: Build industry-leading adventure EV team

Outcome Metrics:

  • 45 new hires across engineering, sales, and customer success
  • 85% employee engagement score
  • 90% retention rate for key talent
  • 100% of team complete off-road adventure experience program

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7. GOALS & PRIORITIES

From 7Qs Work: Focus on market entry, production scale-up, and brand establishment

Start/Stop/Continue Analysis:

  • STOP: Pursuing multiple model variants simultaneously
  • START: Focus all resources on the "Wills" flagship model launch and success
  • CONTINUE: R&D investment in next-generation battery and off-road technology

Annual Focus: Successful Wills model launch and market establishment

Outcome Metrics:

  • 500 Wills units delivered and in customer hands
  • Zero critical quality issues post-delivery
  • $50M total revenue achieved
  • 3 major industry awards won

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Outcome Consolidation: From 12 Outcomes to Single Annual Goal

Initial Outcomes Identified:

  1. Brand leadership in adventure EV segment
  2. 2,500 qualified leads from target segment
  3. Off-road capability certification and demonstration
  4. $45M vehicle sales revenue
  5. 12 regional service locations
  6. +65 NPS customer satisfaction
  7. 45 new strategic hires
  8. 85% employee engagement
  9. 500 Wills units delivered
  10. Zero critical quality issues
  11. 50 remote charging partnerships
  12. 3 industry awards

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Consolidated Annual Goal

"Launch the Wills model successfully into the Australian adventure EV market, achieving 500 units delivered, $50M revenue, and +65 NPS while establishing Burke & Wills as Australia's off-road EV leader."

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Success Metrics (Top 5)

MetricTargetType
Primary: Units Delivered500 Wills vehicles#
Revenue$50M total$
Customer Satisfaction+65 NPS%
Brand Awareness45% unaided in target segment%
QualityZero critical recalls#

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Plan Canvas Summary

Plan Statement: Burke & Wills EV will launch the Wills off-road EV to become Australia's adventure EV leader

Time Period: January 1 - December 31, 2025

Why This Matters: There is a $2B market gap in Australia for capable off-road EVs. First mover advantage in this segment will establish multi-decade competitive moat.

Primary Accountability: CEO (Sarah Mitchell)

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MQ2: Role Canvas Examples

Based on the Plan Canvas outcomes, Burke & Wills EV requires specific roles to execute. Here are examples of key roles with their canvas outputs:

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Role Canvas 1: Chief Commercial Officer

ElementDescription
Role NameChief Commercial Officer (CCO)
PurposeDrive revenue growth and market penetration by leading all sales, marketing, and customer experience functions to achieve the company's commercial objectives
Reports ToCEO (Sarah Mitchell)
TeamCommercial Leadership Team
Metrics Owned$50M revenue target, 500 units delivered, 2,500 qualified leads, +65 NPS
IncumbentJames Thornton

Role Type: Executing (directly delivers revenue outcomes)

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Role Canvas 2: Head of Customer Experience

ElementDescription
Role NameHead of Customer Experience
PurposeDeliver exceptional adventure-focused customer experience that differentiates Burke & Wills and drives advocacy, retention, and referrals
Reports ToChief Commercial Officer
TeamCustomer Experience Team
Metrics Owned+65 NPS, 95% service subscription retention, 24/7 response < 15 min, 4.8/5 review rating
IncumbentEmma Richardson

Role Type: Executing (directly delivers customer satisfaction outcomes)

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Role Canvas 3: Regional Sales Manager - Queensland

ElementDescription
Role NameRegional Sales Manager - Queensland
PurposeDrive vehicle sales and brand presence across Queensland by building relationships with adventure communities and delivering exceptional purchase experiences
Reports ToNational Sales Director
TeamQueensland Sales Team
Metrics Owned150 units sold in Queensland, $13.5M QLD revenue, 35% test drive conversion, 50 club partnerships
IncumbentTo Be Hired

Role Type: Executing (directly delivers regional sales outcomes)

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Role Canvas 4: Head of Production

ElementDescription
Role NameHead of Production
PurposeEnsure reliable, quality manufacturing of Wills vehicles that meet delivery commitments and maintain zero critical quality issues
Reports ToChief Operating Officer
TeamProduction Operations
Metrics Owned500 units manufactured on schedule, zero critical quality issues, 98% production efficiency, IP65 certification maintained
IncumbentDavid Chen

Role Type: Executing (directly delivers production outcomes)

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Role Canvas 5: Marketing Director

ElementDescription
Role NameMarketing Director
PurposeBuild Burke & Wills brand as Australia's adventure EV leader through targeted marketing that reaches and converts adventure-seeking Australians
Reports ToChief Commercial Officer
TeamMarketing Team
Metrics Owned45% brand awareness in target segment, 2,500 qualified leads, 80% brand-attribute association, 15 sponsorship partnerships
IncumbentLisa Park

Role Type: Executing (directly delivers marketing outcomes)

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Role Canvas 6: People & Culture Director

ElementDescription
Role NamePeople & Culture Director
PurposeBuild and maintain a high-performing, adventure-passionate team that embodies Burke & Wills values and enables achievement of company objectives
Reports ToCEO
TeamPeople & Culture
Metrics Owned45 strategic hires, 85% employee engagement, 90% key talent retention, 100% adventure program completion
IncumbentMarcus Webb

Role Type: Supporting (enables other roles to succeed)

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MQ3: Goal Canvas Examples

The Goal Canvas translates role metrics into structured individual goals. Here are examples for key roles:

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Goal Canvas 1: Head of Customer Experience

Goal Title: Establish Burke & Wills as the benchmark for adventure EV customer experience

Timeline: January 1 - December 31, 2025

Why This Matters: Exceptional customer experience drives advocacy, referrals, and repeat purchases. In a market where competitors cannot match our product capability, customer experience becomes our ultimate differentiator and competitive moat.

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Outcomes

OutcomeCurrentTargetTimeline
Achieve Net Promoter Score of +65Baseline year+65 NPSFull Year
Maintain 24/7 support response time under 15 minutesNew capability<15 min avgQ2-Q4
Achieve 95% service subscription retention rateBaseline year95%Full Year
Reach 4.8/5 average review rating across platformsBaseline year4.8/5Full Year

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Waypoints (1/12th Rule - Monthly)

MonthNPS TargetResponse TimeRetentionReviews
JanBaselineSystem build----
FebBaselineSystem test----
Mar+50<20 min--4.5/5
Apr+52<18 min--4.5/5
May+55<16 min90%4.6/5
Jun+57<15 min91%4.6/5
Jul+58<15 min92%4.7/5
Aug+60<14 min93%4.7/5
Sep+62<14 min94%4.7/5
Oct+63<13 min94%4.8/5
Nov+64<13 min95%4.8/5
Dec+65<12 min95%4.8/5

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Goal Characteristics Checklist

  • [x] SIGNIFICANT: Directly impacts customer loyalty and company growth
  • [x] CONCRETE: Specific metrics with clear targets
  • [x] ACTION-ORIENTED: Drives specific behaviors and investments
  • [x] INSPIRATIONAL: Creates industry benchmark for adventure EV experience

Outcome Characteristics Checklist

  • [x] SPECIFIC: Each outcome has precise measurement criteria
  • [x] TIME-BOUND: Monthly waypoints and annual targets
  • [x] AGGRESSIVE BUT REALISTIC: Stretch targets based on industry benchmarks
  • [x] MEASURABLE: All outcomes are %, #, or rating-based
  • [x] VERIFIABLE: Data sources identified for each metric

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Goal Canvas 2: Marketing Director

Goal Title: Establish Burke & Wills as Australia's recognized adventure EV brand

Timeline: January 1 - December 31, 2025

Why This Matters: Brand awareness and positioning in our target segment will determine our ability to compete against larger, better-funded competitors. First-mover brand advantage in the adventure EV segment will create lasting market leadership.

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Outcomes

OutcomeCurrentTargetTimeline
Achieve 45% unaided brand awareness in target segment5%45%Full Year
Generate 2,500 qualified leads02,500Full Year
Build 80% brand-attribute association with "rugged" and "Australian-made"Baseline80%Full Year
Secure 15 major sponsorship partnerships315Full Year

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Waypoints (1/12th Rule - Monthly)

MonthAwarenessQualified LeadsSponsorships
Jan8%1004
Feb12%2005
Mar16%3506
Apr20%5007
May24%7008
Jun28%9509
Jul31%1,20010
Aug34%1,50011
Sep37%1,80012
Oct40%2,10013
Nov43%2,35014
Dec45%2,50015

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Goal Canvas 3: Regional Sales Manager - Queensland

Goal Title: Establish Burke & Wills as Queensland's off-road EV leader

Timeline: January 1 - December 31, 2025

Why This Matters: Queensland represents 30% of Australia's 4WD ownership and contains some of the country's most iconic off-road destinations (Fraser Island, Cape York). Success here validates our product and creates advocacy that spreads nationally.

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Outcomes

OutcomeCurrentTargetTimeline
Deliver 150 Wills units in Queensland0150Full Year
Achieve $13.5M Queensland revenue$0$13.5MFull Year
Maintain 35% test drive to purchase conversionBaseline35%Q2-Q4
Establish 50 club/retailer partnerships050Full Year

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Waypoints (1/12th Rule - Monthly)

MonthUnits DeliveredRevenuePartnerships
Jan5$450K3
Feb8$720K6
Mar10$900K10
Apr12$1.08M15
May12$1.08M20
Jun13$1.17M25
Jul14$1.26M30
Aug15$1.35M35
Sep15$1.35M40
Oct16$1.44M43
Nov15$1.35M47
Dec15$1.35M50
Total150$13.5M50

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Goal Canvas 4: Head of Production

Goal Title: Deliver flawless Wills production at scale

Timeline: January 1 - December 31, 2025

Why This Matters: Our brand promise is built on reliability and Australian quality. Every vehicle that leaves our facility with an issue damages not just that customer relationship but our entire brand story. Zero critical issues is non-negotiable.

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Outcomes

OutcomeCurrentTargetTimeline
Manufacture 500 Wills units on schedule0500Full Year
Maintain zero critical quality issuesBaseline0Full Year
Achieve 98% production efficiency85%98%Full Year
Maintain IP65 certification on 100% of unitsBaseline100%Full Year

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Waypoints (1/12th Rule - Monthly)

MonthUnits ProducedQuality IssuesEfficiency
Jan25088%
Feb30090%
Mar35091%
Apr40092%
May42093%
Jun45094%
Jul47095%
Aug50096%
Sep50097%
Oct50097%
Nov45098%
Dec41098%
Total500098%

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MQ4: Meeting Canvas (Bonus)

Burke & Wills EV's operating rhythm to support Plan execution:

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Operating Rhythm Overview

LevelDailyWeeklyFortnightlyMonthlyQuarterly
Board------Board Meeting (Chair)Strategy Review (Chair)
Executive--ELT Sync (CEO)--ELT Deep Dive (CEO)ELT Offsite (CEO)
Leadership--Dept Meetings (Heads)Leadership Team (CCO)Performance Review (CEO)Quarterly Planning (CEO)
TeamsStandups (Managers)Team Meetings (Managers)1:1s (Managers)Team Reviews (Heads)--

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Four Essential Meeting Structures

1. Executive Leadership Team (ELT) Weekly Sync

Frequency: Weekly (Mondays, 9:00-10:30 AM)
Owner: CEO (Sarah Mitchell)
Participants: CEO, CCO, COO, CFO, CPO, CTO

Agenda Structure:

TimeSectionPurpose
10 minWinsCelebrate achievements from past week
20 minScorecard ReviewReview key metrics: units, revenue, NPS, leads
15 minGoal ProgressStatus on annual goal and quarterly objectives
45 minRoadblocksIdentify and solve obstacles to progress

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2. Manager One-on-One Template

Frequency: Fortnightly
Duration: 45 minutes
Owner: Direct manager

Agenda Structure:

TimeSectionPurpose
5 minCheck-inPersonal and professional wellbeing
15 minGoal ReviewProgress on individual Goal Canvas outcomes
15 minRoadblocks & SupportWhat help is needed to succeed
10 minDevelopmentCareer growth and capability building

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3. Daily Production Standup

Frequency: Daily (7:00 AM)
Duration: 15 minutes
Owner: Production Supervisor
Participants: Production team leads, Quality Manager

Agenda Structure:

TimeSectionPurpose
5 minYesterdayUnits completed, issues resolved
5 minTodayProduction targets and priorities
5 minBlockersImmediate issues requiring resolution

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4. Monthly Commercial Review

Frequency: Monthly (First Friday)
Duration: 90 minutes
Owner: CCO (James Thornton)
Participants: Sales Directors, Marketing Director, CX Head

Agenda Structure:

TimeSectionPurpose
15 minPerformance DashboardReview all commercial metrics vs targets
20 minPipeline Deep DiveAnalyze sales funnel and conversion
20 minCustomer InsightsNPS trends, feedback themes, case studies
20 minMarket IntelligenceCompetitor activity, market trends
15 minAction PlanningDecisions and next steps

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MQ5: Data Canvas (Bonus)

Where Burke & Wills EV finds the source of truth for every outcome metric:

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Metric Source of Truth Map

Outcome MetricSource SystemOwnerUpdate Frequency
Units Delivered (#)Production ERP (SAP)Head of ProductionReal-time
Revenue ($)Finance System (Xero)CFODaily
NPS Score (+)Delighted Survey PlatformHead of CXWeekly
Qualified Leads (#)HubSpot CRMMarketing DirectorReal-time
Brand Awareness (%)Brand Track SurveyMarketing DirectorMonthly
Employee Engagement (%)Culture AmpPeople DirectorQuarterly
Production Efficiency (%)Production ERP (SAP)Head of ProductionDaily
Service Response TimeZendeskHead of CXReal-time
Review RatingsReview aggregator (Reputation.com)Head of CXDaily
Partnership Count (#)HubSpot CRMMarketing DirectorWeekly

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Intelligence Type Classification

Performance Intelligence (Role/Team Level)

SystemPurposeUsers
WaymakerGoal tracking & performanceAll employees
HubSpotSales pipeline & activitySales team
ZendeskSupport metrics & responseCX team
SAP ProductionManufacturing KPIsProduction team

Business Intelligence (Company Level)

SystemPurposeUsers
Xero + FathomFinancial dashboardsLeadership
Brand TrackBrand health metricsMarketing/Leadership
Power BIExecutive dashboardLeadership
Culture AmpEmployee engagementLeadership

Operational Intelligence (Knowledge)

SystemPurposeUsers
NotionPolicies, procedures, playbooksAll employees
ConfluenceTechnical documentationEngineering
Waymaker DocumentsStrategic plans & canvasesLeadership
LMSTraining materialsAll employees

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Data Integration Architecture

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ WAYMAKER (Performance Hub) │
│ Goals, Plans, Roles, Dashboards │
└─────────────────┬───────────────────┘
│
┌────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┐
│ │ │
┌────▼────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐
│ HubSpot │ │ Xero │ │ SAP │
│ (CRM) │ │ (Finance) │ │(Production│
└────┬────┘ └─────┬─────┘ └─────┬─────┘
│ │ │
│ Leads, Deals │ Revenue │ Units, Quality
│ Partnerships │ Cash Flow │ Efficiency
│ │ │
┌────▼────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐
│ Zendesk │ │ Fathom │ │Delighted │
│(Support)│ │(Analytics)│ │ (NPS) │
└─────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘
```

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Summary: Workshop Output Checklist

After a successful 2-day annual offsite using the 5 Questions of Management, Nathan's team should have produced:

Day 1 Outputs:

  • [ ] Completed Plan Canvas with:
  • Start/Stop/Continue analysis for all 7 strategic pillars
  • 12 potential outcomes identified
  • Single consolidated annual goal statement
  • Top 5 success metrics with specific targets

Day 2 Outputs:

  • [ ] Role Canvases for all key positions (6-10 roles typically)
  • Clear purpose statements
  • Metrics owned by each role
  • Accountability structure defined
  • [ ] Goal Canvases for role owners (at minimum: leadership team)
  • Outcomes with specific targets
  • Monthly waypoints using 1/12th rule
  • Clear "why" articulated

Bonus Outputs:

  • [ ] Meeting Canvas with operating rhythm defined
  • [ ] Data Canvas identifying source of truth for all metrics

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Key Facilitation Tips

  1. Plan Canvas First: Don't let teams skip to roles/goals without completing the Plan Canvas. The consolidation discipline is critical.
  1. Single Goal Discipline: The hardest part is getting 12 outcomes down to 1 goal. Push teams through the discomfort.
  1. Metrics Must Be Specific: Reject any outcome without a %, #, or $ attached. "Improve customer satisfaction" is not acceptable; "+65 NPS" is.
  1. 1/12th Rule: Ensure goal canvases have proper waypoints. Annual goals need monthly checkpoints.
  1. Role Canvas Before Goal Canvas: Define who owns what before setting individual goals.
  1. Source of Truth: Every metric in a Goal Canvas must have an identified data source. If you can't measure it, you can't manage it.

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These examples are for Burke & Wills EV, a hypothetical Australian off-road EV manufacturer. Adapt the specifics to your client's context while maintaining the framework structure.

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